Plasma leakage and intrinsic coagulopathy are the pathological hall marks in dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf. Jun 23, 2017 zika virus zikv is a reemerging virus that has recently spread into dengue virus denv endemic regions and crossreactive antibodies abs could potentially affect zikv pathogenesis. They may be asymptomatic or may give rise to undifferentiated fever, dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf, or dengue shock syndrome. Despite the global morbidity and mortality associated with denv infection, mechanisms of immune control and viral pathogenesis are poorly understood.
Comparative flavivirushost protein interaction mapping. Dengue is the leading mosquitotransmitted viral infection in the world. This severe syndrome, which recently has also been identified. Pdf pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic. Focusing on the pathogenesis of dengue, a pattern of acute viral infection can be seen. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health cdc. For patients presenting during the first week after fever onset, diagnostic testing should include a test for dengue virus rtpcr or ns1 and igm figure 401.
Annually, 100 million cases of dengue fever and half a million cases of dhf occur worldwide. Dengue viruses denv cause a spectrum of disease in humans, ranging from dengue fever df to a severe, lifethreatening syndrome called dengue hemorrhagic fever dengue shock syndrome dhfdss. The more dengue virus, the more target cell infection. Reversely,the immune response of dengue does not resist to the next infection, but promote the severity of the disease from dengue fever to dengue hemorrhagic fever. In a mouse model, low titers of denv and wnv antibodies enhanced zikv viremia, especially in the. Dengue virus after entering in the body invades the local macrophages and multiply there. Dengue is among the most important mosquitoborne viral disease in the world. Apr 03, 2016 this video aims to describe the mode of replication of dengue virus and the pathophysiology of dengue. Enhancement of zika virus pathogenesis by preexisting. Dengue is often a leading cause of illness in areas. Dengue fever is a virus, so it needs to run its course. Rhesus monkeys develop viremia similar in pattern to humans after dengue virus challenge but do not develop clinical disease. Dengue is a syndrome and its pathogenesis an interplay between virus and host factors that remains incompletely understood. Dengue viruses denv cause a spectrum of disease in humans, ranging from dengue fever df to a severe, lifethreatening syndrome called dengue hemorrhagic feverdengue shock syndrome dhfdss.
Dengue is common in more than 100 countries around the world. So what are the factors associated with the occurrence of dhf. Dawn of a new era read the latest article version by scott b. The development of a compelling murine model of dengue virus denv infection has been challenging, because denv clinical isolates do not readily replicate or cause pathology in immunocompetent mice.
Pdf dengue viral infections are one of the most important mosquito borne viral infections in the world. Nov 25, 2015 read the original article in full on fresearch. Dengue viruses and other members of the flaviviridae family are emerging human pathogens. There are 2 main factors affecting severity of dengue fever. Once someone becomes infected with it, his or her symptoms are treated. Patients with dhfdss are characterized by several manifestations, including severe thrombocytopenia, vascular leakage, and hepatomegaly. Dengue viruses cause 50 100 million cases of acute febrile disease every year. Viral disease is a sum of the effects on the host of virus replication and of the immune response. Viral pathogenesis this lecture will define and discuss the basic principles of viral pathogenesis, the entire process by which viruses cause disease. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Vectorborne flaviviruses are a source of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. For patients presenting 1 week after fever onset, an igm test is most useful. Generally, dengue is classified as a blood infection and the.
Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. Antibodydependent enhancement of disease and severe dengue. Characteristics of the dengue virus the dengue virus is a single stranded rna virus belonging to the flaviviridae family. Viral virulence, infection enhancing antibodies, cytokines and chemical mediators in the setting of intense immune activation are the key players implicated in the pathogenesis of dhf. In the last 50 years, dengue incidence has increased 30fold, worldwide.
Dengue virusinduced er stress is required for autophagy. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. Severe dengue most commonly occurs among infants and patients with secondary dengue virus denv infections i. No other animals develop symptoms and research has been limited to studies involving humans 1. The importance of mast cells and their products such as cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor vegf in the pathogenesis of dengue is emerging. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. In large part, this limitation is related to the lack of a suitable animal model of disease. Interaction with specific receptors at the cell surface is one of the first events in the pathogenesis of dengue virus. Since the second edition of dengue haemorrhagic fever. At present, japan is free of epidemics of dengue feverdhf, and has previously.
Pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever and its impact. Explaining the heterogeneity between clinical presentations within a similar crosssection of the population remains a vital area of research. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Alternate hypothesis on the pathogenesis of dengue. Molecular mechanism of pathogenesis of dengue virus.
These viruses generally cause a benign syndrome, dengue fever, in the american and african tropics, and a severe syndrome, dengue hemorrhagic feverdengue shock syndrome dhfdss, in southeast asian children. Autoimmune pathogenesis in dengue virus infection viral. Aspirin free fever reducers like acetaminophen, pain medications, rest. Little is understood about dengue virus pathogenesis. In november 2009, the world health organization who issued a new guideline that classifies symptomatic cases as dengue or severe dengue. Dendritic cell apoptosis and the pathogenesis of dengue. Diseases caused by dengue virus denv are a major public health problem worldwide, considered one of the infections with more prevalence in tropical and subtropical zones of the world. Much remains to be learned about the pathogenesis of the different manifestations of dengue virus denv infections in humans. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Substantial gaps remain in the comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of dengue virus infections. The literature has been touched by famous names in medicine benjamin rush, walter reed, and albert sabin, to name a very few and has been fertile ground for medical historians. Pathogenesis of dhfdss risk factors reported for dhf most cases of dengue fever are selflimited in their course and never progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever. Antibodies against related flaviviruses such as dengue denv and west nile wnv can crossreact with zika virus zikv and could thereby increase disease severity. Pdf dengue virus denv infections of humans were long thought to be self limited and of low mortality.
The emergence of dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf in most tropical countries is a public health priority. They may range from subclinical infection to dengue fever, dengue. Dengue virus denv is the most important arboviral infection in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world affecting more than 100 countries. Pdf autoimmune pathogenesis in dengue virus infection. Cellular receptors in human monocytes and mouse neural cells are main target for the viral infection. Infection with any of the 4 dengue virus serotypes results in a diverse range of symptoms, from mild undifferentiated fever to lifethreatening hemorrhagic fever and shock.
As both cell tropism and tissue tropism of denv are considered major determinants in the pathogenesis of dengue, there is a critical. A personalized approach to the study of pathogenesis will elucidate the basis of. Clinical findings include nausea, vomiting, rash, aches and pains, a positive tourniquet test, leukopenia, and the following. Dengue fever, caused by infection with dengue virus, is not a new disease, but recently because of its serious emerging health threats, coupled with possible dire consequences including death, it has aroused considerable medical and public health concerns worldwide. Ppt dengue virus powerpoint presentation free to download. The virus belongs to the flaviviridae family, genus flavivirus, which contains several vectorborne viruses relevant for human health, such as dengue virus denv, yellow fever virus yfv, japanese encephalitis virus jev, west nile virus wnv, and tickborne encephalitis virus tbev. Dengue virus denv is transmitted by mosquitoes and infects nearly 400 million people annually bhatt et al. Dengue virus denv infections of humans were long thought to be selflimited and of low mortality. Virus infects white 3 blood cells and lymphatic tissues4. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into severe dengue, also known as dengue. Freeaccess computer software programs are available. Scientific research on dengue has a long and rich history.
Although infection with the dengue virus denv is associated with a self. There are several immune cells associated with the pathogenesis of dengue virus denv infection and systemic spread, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells mcs. The most widely cited hypothesis for this occurrence is antibody dependent enhancement ade of. Infected local cells then migrate from site of infection to lymph nodes, where monocytes and macrophages are recruited, which become targets of infection. Pdf pathogenesis of dengue viral infections researchgate. Dengue is transmitted to humans by aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. Dengue viruses occur as four antigenically related but distinct serotypes transmitted to humans by aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Role of monocytes in the pathogenesis of dengue springerlink. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect.
Population growth and expansion of habitats for the viruscarrying vectorthe aedes mosquitocoupled with the ease of international travel have aligned, in space and time, populations of denguesusceptible hosts humans with circulating dengue viruses denvs and the mosquitoes that transmit. Recent findings the pathogenesis of severe dengue is thought to be immunemediated due to the timing of the clinical manifestations and higher incidence in secondary infections with a heterologous serotype. Recent evidence has provided further information of neutralizing versus enhancing monoclonal antibodies and their target epitopes on the. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. As both cell tropism and tissue tropism of denv are considered major determinants in the pathogenesis of. However, relatively little is known about these receptors. Once inside the cell, the virus replicates and generates higher virus titers in the blood than when anti denv antibody is not present, which results in a cytokine storm and ultimately leading to more severe. Dengue viruses are spread to people through the bite of an infected aedes species ae. The disease is caused by four serologically and genetically distinct viruses termed dengue virus denv 1, 2, 3 and 4. One of the main target cells for denv infection is monocytes. They may range from subclinical infection to dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, and eventually dengue shock syndrome dss. Forty percent of the worlds population, about 3 billion people, live in areas with a risk of dengue. Nevertheless, new tools and insights have led to major recent scientific advances. Each denv has four or more genetic groups or genotypes.
In a mouse model, low titers of denv and wnv antibodies enhanced zikv viremia, especially. The pathogenic mechanisms of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome dhfdss caused by dengue virus dv infection remain unresolved. This video aims to describe the mode of replication of dengue virus and the pathophysiology of dengue. Mcs are widely recognized for their immune functions and as cellular regulators of vascular integrity in human skin. Apr 14, 2017 antibodies against related flaviviruses such as dengue denv and west nile wnv can crossreact with zika virus zikv and could thereby increase disease severity. Dendritic cells dcs are key antigen presenting cells, sensing pathogens, processing and. Current concepts in dengue pathogenesis pdf 92p download book. Pathogenesis of vascular leak in dengue virus infection. Antibiotics are ineffective at treating this disease. Ninety percent of dhf subjects are children less than 15 years of age.
Dengue virusinduced er stress is required for autophagy activation, viral replication, and pathogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Role of mast cells in dengue virus pathogenesis dna and. Following infection through the bite, cells of the hematopoietic lineage, like dendritic cells, are the first targets of dengue virus infection. Dengue virus infection is a rapidly expanding public health problem of the tropics and subtropics. The advances made in those early investigations are all the. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Ninety percent of dhf subjects are children less than 15. This increased time corresponds to dengue virus infection of organs known to. Summary much remains to be learned about the pathogenesis of the different manifestations of dengue virus denv infections in humans. Dhf can occur in primary infection with certain genetic strains of virus. Current concepts in dengue pathogenesis pdf 92p this note describes about the global impact of dengue and its epidemiology, the clinical presentation of acute dengue and the pathogenesis of acute dengue infection. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection.
There are more than 390 million new infections annually. Generally, when we get an infection, our bodies have an immune response for antigen clearance at that time and memory for the next infection resistance in the future. Dengue viral infections are one of the most important mosquito borne diseases in the world. Dengue fever is one of the major health problems in india.
However, research using immunocompromised mice andor mouseadapted viruses allows investigation of questions that may be impossible to address in. Mouse models to study dengue virus immunology and pathogenesis. Sep 20, 2018 diseases caused by dengue virus denv are a major public health problem worldwide, considered one of the infections with more prevalence in tropical and subtropical zones of the world. These viruses generally cause a benign syndrome, dengue fever, in the american and african tropics, and a severe syndrome, dengue hemorrhagic fever dengue shock syndrome dhfdss, in southeast asian children. Pathogenesis of vascular leak in dengue virus infection malavige. However, not all dengue infection produces dengue hemorrhagic fever. Apr 24, 2017 the importance of mast cells and their products such as cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor vegf in the pathogenesis of dengue is emerging. Dengue pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, lab diagnosis and treatment pathogenesis of dengue. In brazil, after a period of more than 30 years without. Dengue viral infections postgraduate medical journal. As both cell tropism and tissue tropism of denv are considered major determinants in the pathogenesis of dengue, there is a.
Zika virus zikv, which is also transmitted by mosquitoes, has a replication cycle similar to denv saiz et al. Zika virus zikv is a reemerging virus that has recently spread into dengue virus denv endemic regions and crossreactive antibodies abs could potentially affect zikv pathogenesis. This severe syndrome, which recently has also been. Despite the intense research in the pathogenesis of denv, this feature is not well understood. Mar 19, 20 replication and transmission of dengue virus1. Population growth and expansion of habitats for the viruscarrying vectorthe aedes mosquitocoupled with the ease of international travel have aligned, in space and time, populations of denguesusceptible hosts humans with circulating dengue viruses denvs and the mosquitoes that. These preexisting antibodies may enhance infection with a heterologous denv serotype.
Challenges remain in understanding the basic mechanisms of viral replication and disease pathogenesis, in clinical management of patients, and in control of dengue viral transmission. Dengue pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, lab diagnosis. In addition, a fourth group of viruses found only in. Virus transmitted 1 to human in mosquito saliva 22. About two fifths of the worlds population lives in areas where there is a risk of dengue infection, and dengue affects 50 million people annually causing more than 25,000 deaths. Given that dengue virus infection elicits such a broad range of clinical symptoms, early and accurate laboratory diagnosis is essential for appropriate patient management.
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