Constitution of egypt of 1971 wikisource, the free. During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Peaking in the years 19371938 but present throughout all of the stalinist era, perceived enemies of the people were arrested on trumpedup charges usually of espionage, sabotage, treason, or political factionalism, tried, convicted, and either shot or sent off to the. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The president is elected to a fouryear term and may serve 2 terms. This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from.
In this edition, the text of the constitution of india has been brought uptodate by. It was made up of 350 elected members and remained effective until 10 february 1958, when the egyptiansyrian merger was given force and the 1956 constitution revoked. It was proclaimed to update the democratic representative system in assertion of the rule of law. But in egypt, where the vast majority of the electors are illiterate, very credulous, and therefore susceptible to political insincerity, the sudden ch. It was signed into law by president mohamed morsi on 26 december 2012, after it was approved by the constituent assembly on 30 november 2012 and passed in a referendum held 1522 december 2012 with 64% support, and a turnout of 33%. This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the. The head of the state is the president of the republic. Blessed with a unique location and history, the arab nation of egypt is the heart of. In the 1971 constitution, the former president of egypt anwar elsadat added the article two that considered the principles of islamic sharia are the main source for legislation. Islam is the religion of the state, arabic is its official language and the principles of islamic sharia are the main source of legislation. The 2014 constitution sets up a president and parliament.
The question whether the 1971 constitution should be reformed or an entirely new constitution written became a major dispute in the aftermath of january 2011. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt after the. Part one of the constitution was entitled the state and comprised articles 1 to 6. Seven upholding national unity is an obligation of state and society, for it is the cornerstone of building a modern egypt and the path to progress and development. Constitution arabic the arabic version of the egyptian constitution, including amendments made in 2005. The constitution adopted in 2014, like the constitution drafted under morsi, is based on the egyptian constitution of 1971.
To that end, the values of tolerance and moderation. The new draft constitution sets down the timetable for democratic transition on paper, but the police and military are standing guard at the station and controlling the points, writes karim elgawhary in his commentary. It was proclaimed to update the democratic representative system in assertion of the rule of law, independence of the judiciary, and party plurality. The constitution of 1923 was a constitution of egypt from 19231952. Part three will elaborate and compare each constitution. Egypts government services portal egypt constitution. This constitution established armenia as a democratic, sovereign, social, and constitutional state. Fatally, the assembly opted to use the 1971 constitution and existing traditions as a starting point for its deliberations. But the constitution also provides an accurate map of power distribution in the country. Several articles include a stronger emphasis on religion than the 1971 constitution but its character is largely secular. Apr, 2015 at the beginning, before the fall of autocrat hosni mubaraks regime there had had the old constitution was adopted in 1971 and modified later in 1980. Draft dated 30 november 2012 of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt. Comparing three versions of the egyptian constitution.
Constitution of the arab republic of egypt part one the state article 1. He shall safeguard national unity and the socialist gains and maintain. Part two will investigate the articles within the 1971 and the 2012 constitutions and compare them to the articles of the 20 constitution. Power is vested in its citizens, who exercise it directly through the election of government representatives. The parliament of egypt was a bicameral system made up of the senate and the chamber of deputies. Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights. Dec 23, 20 egypts interim president adly mansour has set january 14 and 15, 2014, as the dates for a referendum on the countrys amended constitution. The constitution adopted in 2014, like the constitution drafted under morsi, is based on the egyptian constitution of 1971 the 2014 constitution sets up a president and parliament. It replaced the 2011 provisional constitution of egypt, adopted in 2011. It was replaced by the constitution of 1930 for a 5year period 19301935 before being restored in 1935. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt, 1971 as. Comparing three versions of the egyptian constitution select a topic to highlight. The constitution will take effect from the date on which the people approve the referendum. The 1973 constitution the separation of east pakistan led to a new thinking about federalism as punjab now represented the position of oneprovincedominatesall at 58 per cent of the population.
The supreme council of the armed forces will continue directly with its limited responsibilities following this announcement, until a time at which the peoples assembly and the shura council assume their responsibilities and the president. The last amendments were the most comprehensive with 34 articles of the constitution changed. Series of amendments to egypts 1971 constitution, in which the. Under the constitution, there is a guarantee of equality between the sexes and an absolute. New egyptian constitution democracy hangs by a thread. The previous constitution had been issued as provisional in 1964. Constitution of egypt constitution, egypt britannica. Powers vested by this constitution in the government of. We, the people of egypt, who have been toiling on this glorious land since the dawn of history and civilization, we the people working in egypts villages, fields, cities, factories, centers of education and industry in any field of work which contributes to the creation of life on its soil or plays a part in the honor of defending this land. The veteran egyptian diplomat amr moussa, chairman of the 50member committee which drafted the new constitution, believes that the document will mark the beginning of a different era for egypt. The changes to the constitution were approved by 99. It adopted the parliamentary representative system based on separation of and cooperation among authorities. The latest amendment included here was made on 22 may 1980.
The 1971 constitution is the fourth adopted constitution since the declaration of the republic and is known as the permanent egyptian constitution although, since its ratification, it has been amended three times by two presidents. He shall assert the sovereignty of the people, respect for the constitution and the supermacy of the law. The armed forces continue to play a dominant background role in the political and constitutional life of the country. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt was the former fundamental law of egypt.
Jan 14, 2014 a woman in cairo casts her vote on egypts new constitution, jan. The constitution of 1971 provides additional guarantees against arbitrary arrest, seizure of property, and other nasserera abuses. On september 11, 1971, a new constitution was presented by sadat and approved by the electorate. Constitution amendment procedure unamendable provisions citizenship requirements for birthright citizenship citizenship restrictions on entry or exit from the state language official or national languages language protection of language use race and ethnicity obligation to transfer wealth toread more. And also covered the issues of rights andpublic freedoms, also addressed variousissues addressed in modern constitutions,and it calculates for the 1923. On the 15th and 22nd of december 2012 egyptians headed again to the polls for the eighth time 1 since the january 25, 2011 revolution which toppled president mubarak and his regime. Constitution of egypt of 1971 wikisource, the free online. The egyptian constitution of 1971 and its amendment of 2007 stated that education was to be free through the primary school level, while the 2014 constitution requires the state to offer free education through high school. Work for governance, the new egyptian constitution will have a lasting effect. It subsequently entered into force for each state three months after the date of deposit of that states instrument, except in cases of notifications of succession, where the entry into force occurred on the date on which the state assumed responsibility for conducting its international relations. Egypts interim president adly mansour has set january 14 and 15, 2014, as the dates for a referendum on the countrys amended constitution. New constitution is finalised egypts new constitution has been finalised after a political crisis that pitted the islamist president against the opposition. Comparing the 1971, 2012, and 20 egyptian constitutions.
New egyptian constitution marks new era moussa bbc news. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt was the former constitution of egypt. The first and most liberal of these was the 1923 constitution, which was promulgated just after britain declared egypts independence. Sir,when in 1922 egypt was free to choose her own system of government, a constitution was drawn up, based on modern european constitutions, meeting the needs of the most advanced phases of western civilization. The permanent constitution of egypt was put into force after having been approved in a referendum on september 11, 1971.
A constitutional referendum was held in egypt on 11 september 1971. The 1923 egyptian constitution linkedin slideshare. The effect is that while the new constitution claims to be a product of the peoples will, it is heavily influenced by the preceding decades of autocratic rule. Provisions of the constitution summarized preamble the new constitution is the first to be drafted in the name of the egyptian people. It was accepted by the electorate and is now the law of the land. This document was submitted to a referendum on june 23, 1956. This indepth analysis was requested by the european. The constitution of 1971 provides additional guarantees against arbitrary arrest, seizure of property, and other nasserera. We have assigned the topics from the constitute site to. The process of constitutionmaking repub, erasmus university. Oct 04, 2019 replaced the constitution of egypt of 1963.
The constitution of armenia was adopted by a nationwide armenian referendum on july 5, 1995. The constitution unit in the department of political science at university college london is the uks leading research body on constitutional change this blog features regular posts from academics and practitioners covering a wide range of constitutional issues in the uk and overseas. The constitution is above all, it is the fundamental law which guarantees the individual and collective rights and liberties, protects the principle of the peoples free choice and gives the legitimacy to the exercise of powers. History of the egyptian constitution metadata this file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or. The provisional constitution of the arab republic of egypt was formulated in march. Ghanas constitution of 1992 with amendments through 1996. Constitution of the arab republic of egypt part i the state article 1 1 the arab republic of egypt is a democratic state based on citizenship. At the beginning, before the fall of autocrat hosni mubaraks regime there had had the old constitution was adopted in 1971 and modified later in 1980. The proposed changes to egypts constitution al jazeera america.
It helps to ensure the legal protection and the control of the public authorities in a society in which lawfulness. It was adopted on 11 september 1971 through a public referendum. Dec 12, 20 the comparative constitutions project has developed a new tool that allows one to compare the 1971, 2012, and 20 egyptian constitutions. Article 1 the provisions of the law hereto are applicable on. The frequency of the voting was not, however, an indication of a vibrant democracy taking shape.
The draft of the egyptian constitution, which will shortly be submitted to a referendum, is largely an aspirational document painting a picture of egypt as a modern, progressive welfare statean unattainable goal for the bankrupt country. Constitution of egypt of 19712011feb26 wikisource, the. Useful information on canadas constitution, the judicial system, and provincial and municipal powers is gathered. Egypt has operated under several constitutions, both as a monarchy and, after 1952, as a republic. Egypts new constitution was adopted on december 22, 2012 amid intense political tensions and deep rifts between islamists and liberal forces. The 1971 constitution and the march 2011 constitutional declaration.
420 846 408 1068 1086 191 154 143 750 1070 1101 1348 206 997 546 183 916 897 1039 1012 1297 1024 139 701 621 1288 847 1018 348 273 1220 1123 627 288 1183 856 523 212 726 547 209 1426 730 1075